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Although GABA C receptors were originally described in the
2022-05-17

Although, GABA-C receptors were originally described in the spinal cord [16], clues to their physiological function arise mainly from studies in the visual system [5], [26]. In mammals, GABA-C receptors are found abundantly in cone photoreceptors and bipolar cell axon terminals, where they participa
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Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at the
2022-05-17

Here we showed that microinjection of siRNA at the MII stage efficiently reduced endogenous EZH2 mRNA and protein. Although the percentage of cleaving embryos was not affected, ppi drugs formation and blastocyst cell number were both reduced in EZH2 knockdown groups (Table 1). Similar results have
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br Obesity tips to a systematic failure in
2022-05-17

Obesity tips to a systematic failure in the overall metabolic regulation; it is a major global health problem and is linked to several metabolic diseases such as (T2D) (see ), (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disorders. The prevalence of such metabolic disorders has increased dramatically worldwide , ,
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Introduction Breast cancer is the
2022-05-17

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, representing 30% of new cancer diagnoses. In addition, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women [1]. With regard to the risk of breast cancer, proper diagnosis and stratification of tumors for individuali
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br Methods br Results br Discussion TA
2022-05-17

Methods Results Discussion TA-TMA is a severe complication for patients after HSCT. The pathogenesis of TA-TMA is unclear. Complement activation and endothelial cell injury may be involved in the pathogenesis of TA-TMA. Our previous investigations had demonstrated that plasma levels of C5b-
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Prolonged sGC oxidative inhibition occurs in many
2022-05-17

Prolonged sGC oxidative inhibition occurs in many diseases [46,[86], [87], [88]]. Keeping sGC membrane-bound and functional under conditions of high oxidative stress requires a mechanism for restoring oxidized sGC (Fe3+) heme iron to its reduced (Fe2+) state. Without this redox regulation, the sGC e
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Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and inc
2022-05-17

Some biguanides can cross the mitochondrial membrane and increase L-lactate formation by inhibiting oxidative 5-fluorocytosine [34]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that levels of fasting plasma lactate in T2DM patients are similar regardless of whether or not metformin is administered
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br Surrogate ligands for GPR Although identification of endo
2022-05-17

Surrogate ligands for GPR35 Although identification of endogenously produced chemicals with agonist action at GPR35 is of considerable importance, the ligands described above are far from ideal to probe the roles of GPR35. Surrogate ligands are therefore required. Until recently, the key GPR35 ag
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br Significant efforts are currently focused on non dopamine
2022-05-16

Significant efforts are currently focused on non-dopaminergic strategies to address the unmet medical needs in schizophrenia, and targeting -methyl--aspartate (NMDA) PU-WS13 hypofunction has garnered a great deal of attention., , Elevation of synaptic glycine levels near NMDA-containing synapses,
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This resembles a vicious cycle since
2022-05-16

This resembles a vicious cycle since BBB disruption and inflammation are thought to be caused by epilepsy, but other contributing factors are also known to be their cause, such as peripheral infection, autoimmunity, Epinephrine HCl trauma and stroke that also underlie epilepsy [18]. Additional trigg
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The manner in which various residue
2022-05-16

The manner in which various residue side chains are oriented in the active site of HsHxKIV was a driving factor for why glucosamine analogues could not bind, as we previously proposed [16]. These compounds would have difficulty managing access into the active site based on residue P153 in addition t
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Introduction The Hedgehog Hh signaling pathway regulates
2022-05-16

Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates embryonic organogenesis, tissue patterning, and cell differentiation (Armas-Lopez et al., 2017, Ingham and McMahon, 2013). Aberrant activation of Hh signaling pathway contributes to tumor formation and development of various cancers includi
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So far several methods have been used to monitor the
2022-05-16

So far, several methods have been used to monitor the level of GJC and its regulation in astrocytes studied in acute Dimesna slices (see Giaume et al., 2012). This mainly includes approaches based either on electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels or on “dye coupling” experiments th
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The regulation of gap junction connexin mediated activities
2022-05-16

The regulation of gap junction-connexin-mediated activities may be achieved through action on the channel gating properties (membrane voltage, pH, interaction with junctional and cytoskeletal proteins, Ca2+ and K+ concentrations, etc) or on the trafficking, turnover and localization of connexins. Sh
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br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgements br
2022-05-16

Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin is a multi-functional neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the neuroendocrine system and peripheral tissues of various species. This 29-amino-acid peptide (30 in humans) is proteolytically processed from its precurso
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