• br Introduction Histamine stored in

  2021-10-01

  

  Introduction Histamine stored in mast cells and basophils has been recognized as one of the most critical mediators in allergic reactions and plays an important role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal itch, pain, rhinorrhea, and congestion [1], [2]. It i

• In conclusion we demonstrate for the

  2021-10-01

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, that histamine plays a key role in regulating astrocyte function and gliotransmitter release, and we now must re-consider the roles of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain function in the context of astrocyte signalling. Further in vivo studies will

• Hypoxia inducible factors HIFs including HIF HIF

  2021-10-01

  

  Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), including HIF-1α, HIF-1β, HIF-2α and HIF-3α, are important endogenous signaling proteins that contribute to the cellular response to hypoxia. Among these proteins, HIF-1α is involved in many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, tumor growth and meta

• br Methods br Acknowledgements We are

  2021-10-01

  

  Methods Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric Olson for providing Yap/Taz floxed mice, and to members of the Epstein lab for helpful comments and advice. This work was supported by NIH R01 HL118768, R35 HL140018, the Cotswold Foundation and the WW Smith Endowed Chair to J.A.E. The Hippo

• Different crystal structures of both HOs were reported and s

  2021-10-01

  

  Different crystal structures of both HOs were reported and showed that the three-dimensional structures of proteins (HO-1: PDB code 1N45, HO-2: PDB code 2QPP) are predominantly in an α-helical conformation, with the heme packed between two helices (distal and proximal), and present a remarkable stru

• HCV is a highly diverse virus with seven known

  2021-10-01

  

  HCV is a highly diverse virus with seven known genotypes (GT1–7) and multiple subtypes (Gower et al., 2014, Messina et al., 2015, Smith et al., 2014). Patients infected with HCV develop a heterogeneous population of viral species known as quasispecies due to low fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA pol

• It is difficult however to assure that

  2021-10-01

  

  It is difficult, however, to assure that observed alterations of pro-oxidant/antioxidant levels within the studied organisms are related directly to heavy metal pollution, rather than to other accompanying environmental stressors. Environmental factors like oxygen partial pressure, temperature, sali

• The beta catenin TCF complex is

  2021-10-01

  

  The beta-catenin/TCF complex is an important target in the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. This complex has proven challenging to target. However, natural inhibitors of this complex have been identified. One group of inhibitors is called the inhibitors of Wnt response (IWR-1/2). IWR-1/2 targets Axin and s

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-10-01

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion To understand the molecular basis for how ghrelin secretion is regulated at the cellular level, we identified the full repertoire of 7TM receptors and G proteins in gastric ghrelin antifungal and functionally characterized the majority of the recept

• Several previous reports have demonstrated that epithelial c

  2021-10-01

  

  Several previous reports have demonstrated that epithelial cell migration is important in promoting mucosal repair after damage caused by DSS and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [33], [34], [35]. Cell migration is coordinated by many factors, including fibronectin and its receptor integrin α5,

• Gp induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases

  2021-10-01

  

  Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity

• In addition to vertebrate species GnRH has

  2021-10-01

  

  In addition to vertebrate species, GnRH has been identified in invertebrates, such as in the Protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Powell et al., 1996; Adams et al., 2003), the decapods mollusk Octopus vulgaris (Iwakoshi et al., 2002), the gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica (Zhang et al

• To get a broader view of

  2021-10-01

  

  To get a broader view of the interplay between glycolysis and Hippo signaling, we tested the involvement of YAP1 in the regulation of C-MYC and GLUT1 expression. We were able to detect a YAP1-TEAD1 interaction in the nuclear fraction of Jurkat substance p and confirm the inhibition of this interacti

• In this study we describe the

  2021-10-01

  

  In this study, we describe the expression of galr2a and galr2b in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ RNA hybridization. To further analyze the distribution of GALR2b and its interactions with galanin, we generated Tg(galr2b:egfp) zebrafish, which express EGFP under the control of a galr2b p

• The central event eliciting insulin secretion is

  2021-09-30

  

  The central event eliciting insulin secretion is the production of ATP which leads to the inhibition of ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying K+ATP channels, a consecutive depolarization of the plasma membrane with opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ influx into the beta-cell. However, i

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