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Another example of negative regulation
2019-12-19
Another example of negative regulation is the inhibition of the yeast endosome-associated DUB Doa4 by Rfu1 (free ubiquitin chains 1). In a yeast genetics screen, deletion of Rfu1 was serendipitously found to alter global ubiquitin levels [69]. DUBs can regulate these levels by liberating conjugated
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br GPCRs form heterotetramers In
2019-12-19
GPCRs form heterotetramers In addition to homodimers and heterodimers, for several family A receptor heteromers, experimental evidence supports the presence of higher order rearrangements as tetrameric structures, comprised of two different homodimers, each able to signal with its preferred G pro
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In conclusion the results obtained in this study
2019-12-18
In conclusion, the results obtained in this study and those recently reported by our group (Abdel-Samad et al., 2012) clearly indicate that a dialogue indeed exists between the systems of NPY and ET-1 at the level of human endocardial endothelial cells, since these cells, whether isolated from the r
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One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals
2019-12-18
One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals is substrate monoubiquitination versus polyubiquitination. With the exception of the E2, UBE2W, which represents a special case because it apigenin australia only ubiquitinates the flexible N-termini of substrates [5], [6], [20], most exam
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Several studies have indicated that ICT induces
2019-12-18
Several studies have indicated that ICT induces activation of ERK and p38 kinase in a variety of cells. The ERK pathway was involved in and partly contributed to the neuroprotective effects in rat neuronal phospholipase a2 inhibitor [14] and anticancer effects in several cancer cells [5], [7], [8].
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br Experimental procedures br Introduction Protein kinases r
2019-12-18
Experimental procedures Introduction Protein kinases represent one of the largest enzyme T0901317 in the human genome and act as signaling mediators in a variety of cellular processes (Manning et al., 2002). Because many diseases are associated with aberrant protein kinase activity, targeted
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A surprising second functional effect
2019-12-18
A surprising second functional effect was found in culture experiments. Inclusion of LTD4 reduced the frequency of Fas receptor (CD95) expression. Once again, this effect, although modest, was reversed by a cysLT1 receptor antagonist. The biologic significance of this effect or its mechanism remaine
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Recent studies showed that the activity
2019-12-18
Recent studies showed that the activity of CK2 was significantly reduced in ischemic stroke model rats, and cerebral I/R injury significantly decreased the expression of CK2α (Lee et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2016). In addition, the dysregulation of CK2 is involved in ERS/UPR in non-
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The previously described endogenous patterns of IGF induced
2019-12-18
The previously described endogenous patterns of IGF-1-induced kinase signaling, and resulting interaction between MAPK and PI3K, differ across neuronal sub-types. In R28 retinal neuron-like cells, IGF-1 treatment elicits prolonged activation (at least 80 min) of both PI3K and MAPK (Kong et al., 2016
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Recently cross talk between DDR
2019-12-18
Recently, cross-talk between DDR2 and the insulin receptor and between Notch1 and DDR1 was proposed. Stimulation of cells with collagen I and insulin promotes Tyr740 as well as total tyrosine phosphorylation of DDR2 receptor to a greater extent than the phosphorylation stimulated by collagen I alone
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C PHNO has been described
2019-12-18
[11C]-(+)-PHNO has been described as a full agonist at both D2 and D3 receptors [54,55]. [11C]-(+)-PHNO was initially developed as a PET radiotracer for imaging the high affinity state of the D2 receptor (i.e., highD2) as a means of measuring synaptic dopamine changes in response to pharmacologic ch
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Other membrane currents are affected as well Some studies
2019-12-17
Other membrane currents are affected as well. Some studies have provided evidence that sulfonylureas, in addition to blocking KATP channels, also inhibit chloride and calcium channels. GLYB has been shown to almost inhibit the current generated by Na+–K+ pumps in a concentration-dependent manner (wi
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In rodents Wang et al Wang and Tsirka
2019-12-17
In rodents (Wang et al., 2003, Wang and Tsirka, 2005b, Zhu et al., 2012) and humans (Wang et al., 2011), the major forms of cell death after ICH are necrosis and apoptosis. In the perihematomal region of rodents, the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells peaks at 72h post-ICH (Matsushita et al., 20
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Enolase is an example of a moonlighting
2019-12-17
Enolase is an example of a moonlighting protein that displays multiple biological actions, including plasminogen, laminin, fibronectin, mucin and cytokeratin binding properties. It has also been described as a complement-evasion protein and as a protein capable of inducing neutrophil trap formation.
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Nelfinavir br Materials and methods br Results
2019-12-17
Materials and methods Results Discussion NB has been shown to induce cancers in many tissues including the kidney, liver, and thyroid, following chronic inhalation in animals (Hsu et al., 2007). The available data indicate that a lager majority of studies on NB evaluate the effects of toxic
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