• In addition to the C and catalytic domains DGKs have

  2020-07-31

  

  In addition to the C1 and catalytic domains, DGKs have other regulatory domains that form the basis for dividing them into five subtypes. Type I DGKs [29], [30], [31] have calcium-binding EF hand motifs and are more active in the presence of calcium [32]. Type II DGKs have pleckstrin homology (PH) d

• br Functional significance Defects of the lysyl

  2020-07-31

  

  Functional significance Defects of the lysyl hydroxylases LH1, LH2, and LH3 impair collagen secretion and stability in the extracellular matrix, and cause rare connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers-Danlos type-VI [27], Bruck syndrome [28], and skeletal dysplasia [29], respectively. Elucidati

• br Future of DHODH targeted therapy We

  2020-07-30

  

  Future of DHODH-targeted therapy We believe the future of DHODH-targeted therapy in cancer lies in multi-drug combination treatments to produce in vivo synergy. Despite the setbacks of brequinar in clinical trials, DHODH remains a viable anticancer target. The pyrimidine depletion induced by DHOD

• br Author contributions br Conflicts of interest br Acknowle

  2020-07-30

  

  Author contributions Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments Introduction Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs, such as LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are inflammatory lipid mediators involved, via activation of CysLT1 receptors, in various pathophysiological conditions, including airway smooth muscle co

• br NF B and STAT as

  2020-07-30

  

  NF-κB and STAT as Regulators of the CDK System While current data support the concept that CDKs augment the proinflammatory activity of NF-κB, our understanding of the function of this transcription factor system in CDK regulation remains patchy. Seminal studies showed the contribution of NF-κB t

• In our previous study intracerebroventricular administered u

  2020-07-30

  

  In our previous study, intracerebroventricular-administered urocortin-2 enhanced a conditioned freezing fear response and significantly decreased rat exploratory activity in the open field test [9]. Exogenous urocortin-2 enhanced the conditioned fear-induced expression of c-Fos in the central amygda

• Stress is usually comprehended as an event affecting

  2020-07-30

  

  Stress is usually comprehended as an event affecting mainly the HPA axis and initiating the alarm reaction represented by activation of the adrenal medulla. This means that the levels of related hormones and neurotransmitters are significantly elevated during and after the stress. CRF, following its

• Needless to say FA must enter

  2020-07-30

  

  Needless to say, FA must enter into the cell in order to be metabolized. One of the proteins involved in FA uptake is FAT/CD36, an integral membrane glycoprotein which has been found in a wide variety of cells (Abumrad et al., 1993, Coburn et al., 2000, Bonen et al., 2004). Once FA are incorporated

• There are at least and E

  2020-07-29

  

  There are at least 37 and 48 E2 Ub-conjugating 94 6 in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively [23]. Although the U-box proteins have to interact with E2s for their E3 ligase activities and there are large numbers of U-box E3s in plant genomes, studies of the U-box structure or E2-binding requirements a

• Intra dPAG injections of CRF also reduced the

  2020-07-29

  

  Intra-dPAG injections of CRF also reduced the nociceptive response induced by formalin injection into the hind paw. CRF-treated animals showed a reduction in the time spent on licking the formalin-injected paw, characterizing an antinociceptive role played by this neuropeptide in the mouse PAG. Pres

• Due to the stereospecific actions

  2020-07-28

  

  Due to the stereospecific actions of 11β-HSDs, metabolizing exclusively 7k25OHC and 7β25OHC, the potent EBI2 ligand 7α25OHC is neither formed nor degraded by these enzymes. Nevertheless, although the 7α-hydroxylated form was found to be preferred over the 7β-hydroxylated metabolite for EBI2 activati

• Despite the important agronomic traits regulated by SUMO

  2020-07-28

  

  Despite the important agronomic traits regulated by SUMO, most research studies on SUMOylation have been mainly limited to model plants, such as Arabidopsis and rice (Wang et al., 2011), due to the lack of molecular tools specific to other economically relevant plants. On the other hand, plants harb

• As the focus of this review is

  2020-07-28

  

  As the focus of this review is DNA synthesis of damaged templates, the example of XP will be detailed. The most prominent symptoms of XP patients affect the skin, where many lesions, including tumors, are frequently observed, but only in regions exposed to the sunlight. Unfortunately, the face is of

• br Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase DHODH catalyzes the conversi

  2020-07-28

  

  Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate, which might be the rate-limiting step in the pyrimidine biosynthesis. Inhibitors of DHODH show immunosuppressant and antiproliferative activity, which is most pronounced on T-cells. Two examples of inhibito

• We show here that Shp binds to

  2020-07-28

  

  We show here that Shp-2 binds to phosphotyrosine-740 in the cytoplasmic domain of DDR1 in a collagen-dependent manner (Figs. 3A and 4A). The peptide sequence ISpYPML neighboring tyrosine 740 matches well with the immuno-receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-consensus sequence [I/V/L]XpYXX[

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