• br Author contributions br Funding

  2025-01-24

  

  Author contributions Funding This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, project no. 14-16220S. Additional support was provided by NIH R01CA117907 grant awarded to J.M.E. Conflict of interest Introduction The dioxin-like family includes polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments This research was funded b

  2025-01-24

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Committee (NSFC) of China (Nos. 81171058 and 81471146) and Capital Development Scientific Research in China (Nos. 2011-5001-04 and 2014-4-5013). We are grateful for all of the participants who donated blood

• Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning

  2025-01-24

  

  Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning of the 1990s, the efforts to characterize them have led to the accumulation of a substantial amount of experimental data. Decades of site-directed mutagenesis (SDM; Box 1) studies, in combination with pharmacological data and computational modeling, have pav

• While the direct effects of

  2025-01-24

  

  While the direct effects of 5-ARI lead to a dramatic habeas corpus meaning in serum DHT levels, other laboratory values are also affected by 5-ARI use. Serum testosterone elevations are known to occur with both finasteride and dutasteride use, but values will typically remain within the normal labo

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2025-01-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion We have developed a high-throughput functional genomic screen that allows the identification of genes that confer drug resistance. Several factors have been identified which must be taken into account to develop a reliable screen. In particular, cons

• The SKOV and SKOV TR

  2025-01-23

  

  The SKOV3 and SKOV3TR PMS electron carrier were exposed to stepwise increased concentration of paclitaxel with or without a different concentration of autophagy inhibitor (3-MA or HCQ) to further evaluate whether suppression of autophagy affected the growth and drug sensitivity of ovarian cancer ce

• Endoplasmic reticulum ER stress resulting from accumulation

  2025-01-23

  

  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from accumulation of misfolded proteins in ER lumen stimulates a chain of adaptive responses termed as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Glucose related protein (GRP78/BiP), key ER chaperone essential for the activation of the ER-transmembrane signaling

• br Oxidative microbe killing and V ATPase Oxidative killing

  2025-01-23

  

  Oxidative microbe killing and V-ATPase Oxidative killing of phagocytosed microorganisms is predominately achieved through the uptake of large quantities of molecular oxygen by the infected cell and the activity particularly of the NADPH oxidase complex on phagosomes (Savina et al., 2006) and the

• br Material and methods br Results

  2025-01-23

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion T2D is a substantial threat to global human health [31]. Obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation promotes insulin resistance and T2D [32]. In obese individuals, the production of numerous inflammatory molecules including IL-6 and TNF-a is up

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Although

  2025-01-23

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although previous studies have indicated that astrocyte aromatase plays a role in nociceptive processes (O'Brien et al., 2015, Smeester et al., 2016), the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of aromatase and its involvement in nociception rem

• AMPK is a central regulator of cell growth

  2025-01-23

  

  AMPK is a central regulator of cell growth, migration, metabolism, autophagy, and cell polarity [20], [21], [22], [23]. It is highly conserved in eukaryotes and functions as the primary sensor of intracellular adenosine nucleotides [24]. When intracellular ATP levels decrease, AMPK is activated to g

• br Experimental section br Abbreviations PSA puromycin sensi

  2025-01-23

  

  Experimental section Abbreviations PSA, puromycin–sensitive aminopeptidase; APN, aminopeptidase N; AML, acute myeloid Leukemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AADR, amino Fenoprofen Calcium sale deprivation response; PAN, puromycin aminonucleoside; DCC, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide; NHS, N–h

• br Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is

  2025-01-23

  

  Pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease Alzheimer disease is characterized by severe neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and progressive loss of cognitive abilities. The diagnostic criteria for dementia released by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association define dementia as the deve

• Beside activation of adenosine receptors A a A a

  2025-01-22

  

  Beside activation of adenosine receptors (A2a.1, A2a.2, A2b) by FSK treatment, the expression of adenosine receptors was also upregulated, when embryos were exposed to inhibitors (SU5416 and DAPT) alone and also combined with FSK. Our data imply that adenosine receptor was associated with a positive

• While A Rs communicate mainly with the D

  2025-01-22

  

  While A1Rs communicate mainly with the D1R subtype [36], A2AR and D2R interaction occurs mainly in basal ganglia. D2Rs colocalizes with A2ARs in this dGTP molecular biology area where they are preferentially localized postsynaptically in the soma and dendrites of GABAergic striatopallidal neurons [

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